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As people improve diet and exercise more to control their diabetes they usually also lower cholesterol significantly. But when diet and exercise are not enough, your doctor can prescribe medications to help you battle high cholesterol.

Statins are one of the most common treatments for cholesterol. They block a substance produced in the liver that the body uses to make cholesterol, according to the Mayo Clinic. Statins also help eliminate cholesterol that may have accumulated on blood vessel walls. Those two effects make statins a popular weapon against high cholesterol.

Lifestyle is still the most important factor in cholesterol management. However, if lifestyle changes have failed to lower cholesterol levels, or LDL (bad) cholesterol is still high, doctors will consider prescribing statins. Before penning a prescription, doctors will also review their patients' cholesterol ratio, risk factors, and medical history.

The decision to start statin therapy is serious. While they are extremely successful, statins should be considered a lifelong treatment commitment. Lowering cholesterol levels using statins means patients will usually have to keep taking them to keep their cholesterol down. Some major lifestyle changes may keep cholesterol low without statins, but therapy adjustments should always be discussed with a physician.

There are potential side effects associated with statins. Those include nausea, diarrhea, muscle and joint ache, and constipation. Statins can also have harmful effects on the liver, but regular testing can help detect such complications. Muscle aches can also be indicative of a more serious problem that can lead to kidney damage. Patients taking statins who experience new muscle pain should tell their doctor.

Niacin is simply a type of B vitamin that helps the body convert carbohydrates to glucose (sugar). It also helps increase HDL (good) cholesterol levels. Niacin has been shown to raise HDL levels by 15 to 35 percent when used alone and by 50 percent when coupled with statin therapy, according to the Mayo Clinic.

Many multivitamins contain niacin, or niacin is sold as a separate dietary supplement. There are prescription treatments as well that are given specifically for the purpose of increasing HDL cholesterol. However, prescription niacin cannot be replaced with over-the-counter dietary supplements. Before supplementing with niacin patients should discuss potential side effects with their physicians.

Bile acid binding resins have received a lot of attention lately in the diabetes world. There is research that suggests that, in addition to lowering cholesterol, bile acid binding resins also lower blood sugar. These chemicals work in the intestines to promote cholesterol disposal. By disposing of cholesterol, less is absorbed back into the blood.

Resins lower cholesterol, but are not as well as statins. Furthermore, they are not tolerated as well. Still, when used in higher doses, resins can be an effective tool in reducing cholesterol. Resins may interfere with how the body absorbs other medications, so patients should consult with their physicians before adding resins to their treatment schedule.

Cholesterol absorption inhibitors are similar to bile acid binding resins. They work in the small intestines to limit the amount of cholesterol that is reabsorbed into the body. They work best for people who cannot tolerate higher doses of statins or for people who cannot take statins at all. They can also be combined with statins for even more cholesterol control.

Fibrates, unlike the above listed treatments, do not interact well with statins. Mixing the two may cause myopathy (muscle weakness) and rhabdomyolysis (weakening of skeletal muscle). However, fibrates are an effective way to lower triglyceride levels and to some extent, increase HDL cholesterol. They are not advisable for people with kidney disease, liver disease, or gall bladder disease.

For more information about lowering cholesterol talk with your primary care physician or cardiologist.

It's well known that having high good-type HDL (high-density lipoprotein) blood cholesterol protects you against heart disease. A recent study of 3,673 older people by Inserm, the French version of our National Institutes of Health, makes clear that high HDL can also save your brain. Archana Singh-Manoux, PhD, and colleagues compared blood levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides with memory test scores in participants (average age fifty-five) at the beginning of the study and six years later. During those years, people with low IIDL cholesterol (under 40 mg/dL) developed memory deficits at a 27 to 53 percent higher rate than those with high HDL (over 60 mg/dL). Further, short-term memory declined 60 percent faster in people with low HDL. Short-term memory loss is one of the early signs of Alzheimer's.

Why higher I IDL helps you hang on lo your memory is unclear. Researchers think it may block the creation of toxic beta-amyloid, the sticky stuff that destroys brain cells, and/or act as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant to lessen brain damage. Some research ties high HDL cholesterol levels to improved overall cognition, a lifetime free of dementia, and greater longevity. High HDL also boosts your odds of avoiding a stroke and of fully recovering if you suffer a mild or moderate one. High IIDLs are especially brain protective in women before and after age sixty-five, according to a major joint Swedish-American study. Women with high HDLs had better verbal ability that declined less than women with low HDLs. Incidentally, women of all ages with lower triglycerides, another type of blood fat, had dramatically better verbal and memory abilities than women with high triglycerides.

What to do? HDL cholesterol is strongly controlled by your genes, but you should try to raise it, especially if it is under 40 mg/dL. Men typically have lower HDL than women. Experts at Harvard suggest ways to ramp up IIDL: exercise: drink moderate amounts of alcohol, lose weight; avoid trans fats, shown to lower HDL; eat nuts; and follow the DASH diet or the Mediterranean diet. It's also a good idea to go easy on colas. In a large Norwegian study, the more colas people of all ages drank, including diet colas, the lower their HDL.

Cut back on sugar. Excess sugar, especially in processed foods, may lower good HDLs, say Emory University researchers. You may want to ask your doctor about high doses of niacin, known to boost HDL; 1,000 to 2,000 mg a day can increase HDL by 20 to 30 percent. Niacin is sometimes prescribed along with a statin or mixed with a statin to both lower LDL and raise HDL. Important: Don't risk taking high-dose niacin without medical supervision. It can cause temporary but intolerable flushing and long-term adverse effects, including gout attacks, blood-sugar elevation, and liver and muscle damage.